# Confusion, Not Disability: The Real Reason Kids Struggle
to Read
## A literacy advocate’s challenge to 50 years of
consensus—and a call to teach letter sounds with clarity.
For decades, educators have relied on explicit instruction
to teach reading. But despite its widespread use, millions of children still
struggle. Why?
**Luqman Michel**, educator and author of *Shut Down Kids*,
argues that the problem isn’t cognitive—it’s confusion. When letter sounds are
taught with extraneous sounds - schwas (“muh” instead of “m”), children
disengage. This landing page explores the overlooked cause of reading failure
and offers a path forward.