For more than a decade I have argued that a major, under-recognized cause of early reading failure is children being taught the wrong sounds of letters. When consonants are taught with an added “uh” (the schwa)—“buh,” “cuh,” “duh” instead of the pure /b/, /k/, /d/—blending becomes unnecessarily hard. Children try to say “cuh-ah-tuh” and struggle to hear the word cat. The confusion leads many of them to shut down. Once the pure sounds are taught and practiced, that particular source of confusion drops away and most children can begin to decode.














