6 Ambiguity and confusion

This is a continuation of the last post.

David Boulton: 

But the key in both cases is to find out where they're at foundationally and then give them manageable steps into the confusion that they can work through.

Siegfried Engelmann: 

Right. So if you do it right, it's not confusion.

David Boulton: 

Well, there is ambiguity that they have to learn how to resolve, right?

Siegfried Engelmann: 

We have to learn how to teach them to resolve it.

David Boulton: 

For sure, for sure. They're not going to learn how to resolve it without help, but ultimately they have to learn, first-person, how to resolve the ambiguity they experience.

My comment: Both Siegfried and Boulton appear to know what needs to be done and they seem to have discovered this as early as 2003 and yet there still are students who disengage or shut-down from learning to read.